Beinecke MS 416               Germany, s. XIII/XIV
Speculum theologiae, etc.

1.  ff. 1r-8v  The manuscript was originally composed of roughly executed
full-page illustrations and diagrams that constitute the Speculum theologie.
There has been debate concerning the compiler of this collection of drawings of
moral and theological subjects:  F. Saxl, "A Spiritual Encyclopedia of the Late
Middle Ages," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5(1942)
pp. 95-99, believed the compiler to be Franciscus Bonacursus, archbishop of
Tyre from 1272; L. F. Sandler, The Psalter of Robert de Lisle ...(Oxford,
1983) p. 23, footnote 52, has suggested that John of Metz (Johannes Metensis)
is the compiler.  Some or all of the diagrams occur in other manuscripts,
beginning in the 13th century (for a complete list see Sandler, op. cit.,
Appendix III, pp. 134-39).  Titles in Latin below are taken from the manuscript;
English headings are provided where there are no Latin titles:  f. 1r Turris
virtutum; f. 1v Lignum vitae factum fratre bonauenture; f. 2r Table of the
Twelve articles of faith (concordance of Credo, Apostles, and Hebrew prophets);
f. 2v Wheel of sevens (concordance of Seven petitions, sacraments, gifts of the
Holy Spirit, Arms of justice, Works of Charity, virtues and vices); f. 3r Rota
pugne moralis (virtues and vices); f. 3v Arbor uirtutum; f. 4r Arbor uitiorum;
f. 4v Table of the Ten Commandments, Ten Plagues, Ten abuses of impious; f. 5r
Table of the Seven Acts of the Passion, Seven Canonical Hours, Seven Senses;
f. 5v Arbor divini amoris; f. 6r Arbor sapientiae; f. 6v Table of the Eight
beatitudes, Eight rewards, Nine orders of angels; f. 7r Tree of mystical love;
f. 8r Cherub, a diagram based on the treatise De sex alis cherubim
associated with Alanus de Insulis or Clement of Clanthony (text continued on
f. 8v; PL 210.266-79).  Below diagram is a drawing of a cleric, entitled
"hermannus custos," holding an open book inscribed "sub umbra alarum tuarum
protege me."

Later additions to the manuscript include:

2.  f. 7v  (Added in a running script, s. xv).  Table of seven gifts given by
Father, Son, Holy Spirit, Church, Reason, etc.

3.  f. 7 bis, r-v  (Half-leaf written in running script, s. xv).  Text on
recto; In deum peccaui et sanguinem domini nostri ihesu christi...; followed by
a table of the seven deadly sins and their derivatives; texts on verso:  lists
of Peccata cordis, Peccata ordinis, and Peccata operis.

     Parchment, ff. i (paper) + 8 + i (paper), ca. 285 x 220 mm. (leaves are very
uneven due to irregular trimming).
     I^^8 (+ half-leaf, s. xiv. stitched in between 7 and 8, 190 x 110 mm).
     Inscriptions written in gothic bookhand, additions in either textura or
running scripts (ff. 2r. 7v).
     The illustrations listed in art. 1 on ff. 1r-7v are drawn in red ink,
heightened with green, orange, and yellow.  The diagram on f. 8r is drawn in
brown and red, touched with blue, red, yellow and gold.
     Folio 8r darkened and rubbed with some loss of text.
     Binding:  s. xix.  Half bound in mottled brown goatskin, gold-tooled,
with a red label.  Marbled paper sides.

Written in Germany at the end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century,
perhaps at the Cistercian monastery of Kempen near Duesseldorf to which it
belonged in the 15th century (note, x. xv^^2/4, on f. 2r:  "Pertinet Monasterio
Campensis ordinis Cysterciensis.").  Although some scholars have suggested
that the final drawing on f. 8r was added by another hand either in the 14th
century (see Exhibition Catalogue, p. 195) or in the 15th century (Sandler,
op. cit., p. 136), R. H. Rouse believes the text may, in fact, be
contemporary with the main portion of the manuscript but written in a less
formal style of Gothic script.  The previous identification of the "hermannus
custos" in the drawing on f. 8r as Hermann von Kempen, sub-prior of Kempen, who
lived in the mid-15th century (Sotheby's Cat., 30 November 1965, p. 33)
therefore seems unlikely.  Collection of Leander van Ess of Marburg (1772-1847;
no. 137 on tag on spine; Sammlung und Verzeichnis handschriftlicher Buecher
[1823] no. 137).  Acquired from him by Sir Thomas Phillipps (no. 522; tag on
spine; Phillipps Studies v. 3, pp. 29-33).  Phillipps sale at Sotheby's,
30 Nov. 1965, no. 10, pl. 7 (f. 1v).  Sold at Dawson's of Pall Mall, 25 Nov.
1969, no. 3.  Purchased from C. A. Stonehill in 1969 as the gift of Edwin J.
Beinecke.

Bibliography: Exhibition Catalogue, pp. 195-96, no. 23, pl. 9 (f. 1v).
     G. Ladner, "Medieval and Modern Understanding of Symbolism:  A Comparison,"
Speculum 54 (1979) p. 252, fig. 21 (f. 6r).
     C. Laun, "Bildkatechese im Spaetmittelalter:  Allegorische und typologische
Auslegungen des Dekalogs," unpublished Dr. Phil. dissertation (Munich, 1979)
Beinecke MS 416 listed and discussed as L^^2 (London, Auktion Sotheby & Co.).

Barbara A. Shailor