Beinecke MS 413               Rheims [?], ca. 875
Capitularies of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, etc.

Restricted material. May not be seen without the permission of the appropriate curator.

1.  f. 1r blank; f. 1v  Crude drawing of two figures wrestling [?] and the
head of a third watching; inscriptions or pentrials include "Reuerentissimo"
above the two figures, "missi nostri" to the right; "pustet" on the arm of the
left figure, "iste est lasneullus" across the bodies of the two; in the lower
margin, upside down, is a 1-line inscription in a contemporary hand:  "Cum in
nomine domini dei aeterni et sanctae matris [?] christi Richardus."

2.  f. 2r  (1) R. Exclamauit sanctus nazarius dicens domine ihesus christe
salua animas seruorum tuorum...V. Domine libera animas seruorum tuorum a
demonibus...; (2) Isti sunt inclyti martires christi geruasius et prothasius...;
(3) Isti sunt angelica solidati claritate martyres incliti geruasius...
Sublimemur. V.

     Three responsories, with neumes, for Sts. Gervasius and Protasius; incomplete
since the verse is lacking in the second and third response, though the third
response has the neuma.  According to M. Huglo the neumes resemble those
from the Northeastern region of France at the boundary of the Lorraine style
of notation and are of the type sometimes found at Rheims.  See, in particular,
the shape of the porrectus.

3.  f. 2v  [Title-page:]  In christi nomine incipiunt capitula episcoporum
regum et maxime omnium nobilium francorum.  [two couplets:]  Legiloquum
quisquis librum...Legem namque bonam dictarunt....

     Title executed in square capitals; couplets in rustic capitals; written on
every other line.

4.  ff. 3r-4r  Incipit praefatio.  Dominante per secula infinita omnium
dominatore e christo saluatore nostro.  creatore uniuersae creaturae.
anno incarnationis ipsius.  dcccxxvii indictione vj. anno uero xiii. imperii
gloriosissimorum principum domni hludouici...mundane pertinentia legis in quarto
congessi.  Explicit praefatio.

     Preface to the capitularies of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious compiled by
Ansegisus in 827; A. Boretius, ed., MGH LL II, Capitularia Regum Francorum, v. 1
(1883) p. 394; MS 413 listed as no. 44 on p. 392 of Introduction.

5.  ff. 4r-7r  Incipiunt capitula. i  De his qui ab episcopo proprio
excommunicantur.  ii  De his qui ad ordinandum ueniunt...clx De
ebrietate.  clxi De admonitione ad omnes.  Explicuerunt capitula.

     List of 161 chapters for Bk. I; MGH, op. cit., pp. 395-97; MS 413 does
not list ch. 145, De ecclesiis uel altaribus ambiguis, nor is the chapter
included in art. 7.

6.  ff. 7v-8r  Regnante domino nostro ihesu christo in perpetuum.  Ego
karolus gratia dei eiusque misericordia donante...oboedientia aeterna
felicitate ab omnipotente deo remuneretur.  Explicit praefatio domni
karoli serenissimi imperatoris.

     Preface of Charlemagne; MGH, op. cit., p. 397.

7.  ff. 8v-26v  Incipiunt capitula suprascripta et eorum textus.  De his qui
ab episcopo proprio excommunicantur.  [text:] Sunt enim aliqui qui culpis
exigentibus ab episcopo proprio excommunicantur.  Et ab aliis ecclesiasticis uel
laicis...opera eorum bona coram hominibus ut glorificent deum qui in caelis est.
Explicit liber primus.

     Capitularies, Book I; MGH, op. cit., pp. 397-413.  Each capitulum is
indicated by a square bracket and Roman numeral, both in red, in outer margin;
headings for each section in red rustic capitals; first initial for each
section, in red, offset to left of text space; same format of presentation for
arts. 9, 11, 13 (Books II-IV).

8.  ff. 27r-28r  Incipit praefatiuncula libri secundi.  Supra in primo
libro capitula ecclesiastica...descripsi libello.  Explicit praefatio.
Incipiunt capitula libri secundi et eorum praelocutio.  ii [sic] De diuina
prouidentia in constitutione domni imperatoris. et de conseruatione. [abbreviation
stroke for final m partially erased] trium
capitulorum.  iii De hoc quod admonitor fidelium domnus imperator sit et
omnes fideles adiutores ipsius...xlv De ecclesiis antiquitus constitutis.
xlvi  De sepultura.

     List of 46 chapters for Book II, preceded by a short preface; MGH, op.
cit., pp. 413-14.

9.  ff. 28v-39v  Incipiunt praedicta capitula et eorum praelocutio ac
textus.  Omnibus uobis aut uisu aut auditu notum esse non dubitamus quia
genitores nostri et progenitores...quae ab antiquis parentibus patribus
constituta est.  Explicit liber secundus.

     Capitularies, Book II; MGH, op. cit., pp. 414-23.

10.  ff. 39v-41v  Praelocutiuncula libelli tertii incipit.  Superius in
duobus libellis ecclesiastica praefatorum principum...adunaui libello.
Explicit praelocutio.  i De pace seruanda.  ii De iustitiis
generalibus...lxxxviiii De homicidiis infra patriam factis.  xc De
mensuris et ponderibus.

     List of 90 chapters for Book III, preceded by short preface; MGH, op.
cit., pp. 424-25.

11.  ff. 42r-53r  De pace seruanda.  De pace ammonemus ut omnes qui per
aliqua scelera rebelles sunt constringantur...inuicem siue ad capiendum sicut
in lege domini preceptum habemus.

     Capitularies, Book III; MGH, op. cit., pp. 425-34.

12.  ff. 53r-55r  Incipit praefatiuncula quarti libelli.  Quia supra in
duobus ecclesiastica quae praefati principes domni imperatores Karolus...adunaui
libello.  Incipiunt capitula libri quarti.  i De seruis per contumatiam
alicui uim inferentibus.  ii De rebus uel mancipiis a fisco regali
occupatis...lxxiii De statu hominis.  lxxiiij De proprietate hominis
que ob aliquod crimen in bannum fuerit missa.

     List of 74 chapters for Book IV, preceded by a short preface; MGH, op.
cit., pp. 435-36.

13.  ff. 55r-66v  Incipiunt supradicta capitula et textus.  idest de seruis
per contumaciam alicui uim inferentibus.  Si serui per contumatiam collecta
multitudine alicui uim intulerint idest aut homicidium...comprehensum his ad
quos illa legibus pertinet exsoluat.

     Capitularies, Book IV; MGH, op. cit., pp. 436-46.

14.  ff. 66v-69r  [Title, f. 66v:] Capitula karoli regis iunioris facta in
monasterio sancti medardi.  [text, f. 67r:]  Vt missi nostri per
ciuitates et monasteria singula tam canonicorum...et ecclesiasticus homo qui
commutatus fuerit perpetua libertate fruatur.

     Charles the Bald, Capitulare missorum suessionense, April 853, in 12
chapters; W. Hartmann, ed., MGH Concilia 3 (1984) pp. 284-89 (with a short
description of MS 413 on p. 259).  For a recent discussion of arts. 14-17,
19, 22, see J. Nelson, "Legislation and Consensus in the Reign of Charles the
Bald," Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society:  Studies
presented to J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, ed. P. Wormald (Oxford, 1983) pp. 202-22
and App. I. Chapters indicated by square brackets with Roman numerals, both in
red, in outer margin; first initial of each section, in red, offset from text
space; same format of presentation for arts. 15-17, 19, 22.

15.  ff. 69v-72r  Capitula hlotharii imperatoris et karoli regis facta in
palatio ualentianas [sic].  In nomine sanctae et indiuiduae trinitatis
karolus gratia dei rex.  Dilectis et fidelibus missis nostris per regnum
nostrum...et in tribus archisiuis et in duobus brionisis.

     Charles the Bald, Capitulare missorum silvacense, November 853, in 13
chapters; A. Boretius and K. Krause, eds., MGH LL 2 Capitularia Regum Francorum
v. 2, no. 260, pp. 270-74 (line 19), with p. 276, no. 10, added at
conclusion.

16.  ff. 72r-75r  In nomine sanctae et indiuiduae trinitatis karolus gratia
dei rex.  Unfrido uenerabili episcopo Ingiscalco et berengario comitibus...
sed et plura si necesse fuerit episcopus quisque colligere et dicere procurabit.

     Charles the Bald, Capitulare carisiacense, Feb. 857, in 10 chapters;
Hartmann, MGH, op. cit., pp. 389-94.

17.  ff. 75r-82r  Capitula domni karoli regis iunioris in pistis facta.
In nomine sanctae et indiuiduae trinitatis karolus gratia dei rex.  et episcopi
abbates quoque et comites ac ceteri in christo...et per legalem compositionem
et per ecclesiastice satisfactionis paenitentiam.

     Charles the Bald, Capitula pistensia, June 862, in 4 chapters; Boretius
and Krause, MGH, op. cit., v. 2, no. 272, pp. 302-10.

18.  f. 82v  De iure sepulturae.  De uiris et uxoribus in uno sepulchro
eucherius ait Cebron ciuitas. iiij. uirorum qui in ea sepulti sunt...Oblatio.
Id est a patre filius deo oblatus.

     Text added in a smaller script by a contemporary hand.

19.  ff. 83r-96r  Capitula iunioris karoli regis in pistis facta.  Karolus
gratia dei rex.  Notum esse uolumus omnibus dei et nostris fidelibus...et
defendendam in omnibus quantum deus auxilium prestare dignatus fuerit parati
semper et in omnibus simus.

     Charles the Bald, Edictum pistense, June 864, in 36 chapters; Boretius
and Krause, MGH, op. cit., v. 2, no. 273, pp. 312-28, line 13; chapter 29
included within text without interruption at conclusion of chapter 28.

20.  ff. 96r-97r  Sententia domni gregorii papae.  Beatus papa gregorius
commissam sibi diuinitus aecclesiam. ligures. uenetios. hiberos. aliosque...
non dubitet porcionem a quo prius hoc peculiare flagitium sumpsit exordium.

     Unidentified text.

21. f. 97v  Primus rex francorum faramundus extitit qui fuit troianus.
Secundus clodio...rex francorum atque dux aquitanorum.  xxxij.  Philippus qui
uiuente patre cepit regnare.

     List of Frankish kings from Faramund to Philip II (1180), written by two
scribes in two columns, s. XII^^2.

22.  ff. 98r-102r  Incipiunt capitula iunioris karoli regis que facta
fuerunt ad carisia cum palatium publicum capitulo primo.  [text:]  Quia
necesse est ut quod male reincrescit iterum recidatur de constitutionibus...
et mansione presbiteri habeat sicut in eisdem capitulis continetur.

     Charles the Bald, Capitulare carisiacense, Jan. 873, in 12 chapters;
Boretius and Krause, MGH, op. cit., v. 2, no. 278, pp. 343-47.

23.  ff. 102v-104v  Cap. i. Quia necesse est ut quod male reincrescit iterum
recidatur de constitutionibus...obtineat et mortuo illo filius eius//

     Same as art. 22, ending abruptly in ch. 8 (p. 345, line 38, of MGH text).

24.  f. 105r (rear flyleaf)  Crudely drawn figure, perhaps Hercules with club
and lion's skin; prayer (copied twice) for communion:  "Domine ihesu christe
fili dei uiui qui ex uoluntate patris...".  f. 105v blank

     Parchment, ff. i (paper) + 105 (paginated, s. xviii, 1-209) + i (paper), 270 x 225
(180 x 140) mm.  Written in 24 long lines.  Ruled in hard point on hair side
before folding; double vertical bounding lines with additional single ruling in
inner margin and double rulings in outer margin (for chapter numbers); single
horizontal bounding lines, full across; vertical rulings often extend only the
length of written space.  Prickings prominent on f. 2 (title-page) where they
occur in upper and lower margins and along outer vertical ruling of written
space for all horizontal rulings.
     I^^2, II-XII^^8, XIII^^8 (-1, no loss of text), XIV^^8.  Signatures for
gatherings II-VI (Roman numerals I-V) located in center of lower margin, verso;
other signatures partially or entirely trimmed.
     Written in fine Carolingian minuscule primarily by two scribes.  Scribe 1:
ff. 1v-42v; Scribe 2:  ff. 43r-96r, 98r-102r.
     Eleven large decorative initials (5- to 13-line) of very good quality in
gold, green, red, and white, of the style usually associated with the school of
Rheims.  The initials are constructed of broad outlines in green which are
decorated with unburnished gold (partly rubbed) and bordered with red.  The
letters terminate in interlace knots and animal heads.  Empty spaces within the
initials are filled with interlace grids of stylized foliage in unburnished gold
laid on greenish ground.  The stems of the most important initials (ff. 3r, 8v,
28v, 55r, 67r, 83r, 98r) are decorated with white interlace designs on red
grounds (cf. the decorative initials in the Bible of San Paolo fuori le Mura,
Rome; E. Monaci Archivio Paleografico Italiano [Rome, 1914] v. 4, pls. 4,
11, 15, 18, 19; compare also the style of decoration in Paris, B. N. lat. MSS
2294 and 17969, Paris, Bibliotheque de l'Arsenal MS 612, New York,
Pierpont Morgan Library MS 728, Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 272).
On f. 83r appears the name "karolus" in large decorative heading in gold on
green with red arabesques.  Plain initials and headings in red.
     Binding:  s. xviii.  Edges spattered red.  Brown spattered calf,
blind-tooled.  Remains of paper label on spine.

Written in Northeastern France shortly after 873.  Although the addition of
three responsories in honor of Sts. Gervasius and Protasius (art. 2) suggests
that the manuscript was either made for a church in Soissons where these saints
were especially venerated or was located there soon after it was produced, there
is also strong evidence to support Rheims as the place of origin.  The style of
decorative initials in Beinecke MS 413 is closely related to that in the Bible
of San Paolo which was produced in Rheims, ca. 870-75 (see P. E. Schramm and
F. Muetherich, Denkmale der deutschen Koenige und Kaiser [Munich, 1962]
v. 1, pp. 135-36, no. 55; W. Koehler, Buchmalerei des fruehen Mittelalters,
ed. E. Kitzinger and F. Muetherich [Munich, 1972] pp. 145-46) and to other
manuscripts attributed to the school of Rheims under Archbishop Hincmar
(845-82); see list of manuscripts cited above).  In addition, B. Bischoff
(letter on file) has identified the style of the second hand (ff. 43r-102r) as
similar to that of Ingobertus, whose name is associated with the Bible of
San Paolo.  Whether the manuscript originated in Rheims or Soissons, it was
clearly executed at a scriptorium connected with the court of Charles the Bald
(Emperor, 840-77).  According to G. H. Pertz (MGH LL I, p. 270) the volume was
formerly in the library of a certain "Gohier", perhaps Louis-Jerome Gohier
(1746-1830) who was Secretary General of the Ministry of Justice in 1792 and
Minister of Justice in 1793 (see Dictionnaire de Biographie Francaise, v.
16, p. 499).  Acquired from Payne by Sir Thomas Phillipps (no. 10190; tag on
spine; inscription on f. 1r); purchased by A. Chester Beatty (his Western MS 11;
see E. G. Miller, The Library of A. Chester Beatty ...[Oxford, 1927] v. 1,
pp. 50-52; pls. XXVIII-XXX of ff. 28v-29r, 42r, 83r).  Sotheby's sale (24 June
1969, no. 40).  Acquired from H. P. Kraus in 1969 by Edwin J. Beinecke for the
Beinecke Library.

secundo folio:  quae domnus

Bibliography: Exhibition Catalogue, pp. 180-181, no. 5, pl. 1 of f. 83r.
     K. Christ, "Die Schlossbibliothek von Nikolsburg und die Ueberlieferung der
Kapitulariensammlung des Ansegisus," Deutsches Archiv fuer Geschichte des
Mittelalters 1 (1937) pp. 314-15.
     T. E. Marston, "A Legal Manuscript of the Ninth Century," Gazette 44
(1970) pp. 111-13.
     R. McKitterick, The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms 789-895
(London, 1977) p. 32 (attributes MS 413 to Tours).

Barbara A. Shailor